Natives stir 'nation' debate

Liberal aboriginals try to bring issue to floor

Graeme Hamilton
National Post
Nov 30, 2006

MONTREAL - As the federal Liberal party officially buried a planned debate yesterday on recognizing Quebec as a nation, its Aboriginal Peoples' Commission adopted a resolution calling for constitutional recognition of aboriginal nationhood.

Sparked by anger that aboriginals were ignored in the discussion over the recognition of Quebec, the emergency resolution says Canada's First Peoples should be granted status as a third order of government within Canada.

It calls on the Liberal party, in partnership with Canada's aboriginals, to "initiate, develop and implement the necessary policy, legislative and constitutional change required to fully implement this recognition of Nationhood and implementation of self-government by First Peoples government."

It specifies that a future Liberal government should bring forward the recognition "at a future Constitutional Conference" and have it entrenched "in a First Amendment to the Constitution of Canada."

However, the resolution will not make it to the convention floor during today's policy plenary because it was received too late, according to the convention rules.

Hank Rowlinson, co-president of the Aboriginal Peoples' Commission, said he had hoped the issue could be debated by all delegates to the Liberal leadership and policy convention, which opened yesterday.

"Obviously we will work to try to make sure it is in the leader's platform in the next election," Mr. Rowlinson said. "It seems that in the debate about Quebec as a nation, the very first people who were here have been left out."

Michael Ignatieff, the front-running leadership candidate heading into the weekend vote, has called for a new "constitutional division of powers among aboriginal, territorial, provincial and federal orders of government."

He is also calling for the acknowledgement in the Constitution of "the national status of Quebec and the indigenous nations of Canada."

But when he addressed commission members yesterday, Mr. Ignatieff made no reference to his proposal for constitutional change. His advocacy of national status for Quebec has been blamed by many Liberals for opening up a divisive debate.

"The candidates are being a little more cautious about introducing a nation debate or opening up the Constitution," said Bob Goulais, an aboriginal delegate from Ontario who proposed yesterday's resolution recognizing First Peoples as nations.

Mr. Rowlinson did not take offence that Mr. Ignatieff ignored the constitutional angle during his brief speech to aboriginal delegates. "In Mr. Ignatieff's aboriginal policy platform, he clearly states that if he becomes leader and becomes prime minister, his platform is to recognize First Nations and Metis as nations within the federation of Canada," he said.

"He feels, and a lot of people feel, that recognizing us within the nation of Canada is only going to make [the country] stronger, just like recognizing Quebec as a nation."

The Liberals side-stepped debate over the Quebec nation issue by changing convention rules to allow the withdrawal of a resolution that had been scheduled for debate yesterday. The resolution, passed last month by the party's Quebec wing, called on Liberals to recognize Quebec as a nation and look at ways of "officializing" that status. There was no discussion and no dissent as the rule change was approved.

The Liberals behind the resolution said they were withdrawing it because the issue had been settled in a motion passed on Monday in the House of Commons recognizing that "the Quebecois" form a nation within Canada.

The Liberals pride themselves on being the only major federal party with an aboriginal commission, which was created in 1990. It alone among the three Liberal commissions meeting yesterday was addressed by the leadership candidates, and former Liberal prime minister Paul Martin gave the meeting's keynote address.

The party describes the commission as playing an important role in setting policy. "It is within this party that aboriginal peoples finally have an opportunity to have our voices heard and make a contribution," the commission says on its Web site.

The leadership candidates attacked the Conservative government for abandoning the $5-billion Kelowna accord reached by the Martin government to improve aboriginal health, education and housing.

Bob Rae called the situation of Canada's First Peoples "one of the great civil-rights and human-rights challenges of our time."

Stephane Dion called for federal policy "to help communities, when they are ready, when they have the governance capacity, to have a way to move out of the Indian Act, which is so paternalistic."

Gerard Kennedy talked about playing hockey with aboriginal friends when he was growing up in Manitoba. "This is about an ethical and a moral problem that we've had for far too long," he said.

Mr. Ignatieff criticized the Conservatives as out of touch for describing aboriginal fisheries as race-based. "It's not a race-based quota, it's a rights-based quota," he said. "That tells you what you need to know about these guys. They really do not understand the constitutive, historical, rights-based presence of aboriginal, Inuit and Metis people in our country."